Understand the importance of translocation in allocating CHO and mass to products of interest to agriculturists such as seeds, roots, and tubers that cannot synthesize their own CHO.

Know organization and function of the cells and tissues involved in translocation

Know the function of callose and P-protein in phloem function

Understand why phloem loading is an active process

Be able to describe the movement of sugar from the chloroplast of a mesophyll cell to a sieve tube.

Understand what symplastic and apoplastic movement means.

Know the compounds typically translocated in phloem and how such data are obtained.

Understand the concepts of source, sink, and sink strength

Understand the gradual transition of a young leaf from being a sink to being a source.

Understand the role of proximity in source-sink relations

Understand the impact of vascular orthostichy in source-sink relations

Understand the role of Fick's Law in determining translocation patterns

Understand the Munch Mass Flow model (pressure flow model) and how it can be used to describe translocation

Understand the three steps involved in phloem unloading

Understand how phloem loading impacts translocation rates.

Understand why sucrose is the sugar translocated in many plant species.

Understand the role of dark respiration in translocation.

Know how leaf photosynthetic rates influence translocation rates.

Understand how sink activity influences translocation patterns and dry wt accumulation in plants